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Diabetic diet
Diabetic diet refers to the diet that is recommended for people with diabetes mellitus, or high blood glucose. There is much disagreement regarding what this diet should consist of. Since carbohydrate is the macronutrient which raises blood glucose levels most significantly, the greatest debate is regarding how low in carbohydrates the diet should be. This is because although lowering carbohydrate intake will lead to reduced blood glucose levels, carbohydrates are traditionally considered the main energy source in most modern diets, and a low-carbohydrate diet is likely to contain increased amounts of calories from fat and saturated fat. Recommendations of the fraction of total calories to be obtained from carbohydrate are generally in the range of 20 to 45%,〔http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/53/9/2375.full〕〔http://www.joslin.org/info/diet_and_diabetes_a_personalized_approach.html〕〔http://www.diabetes.org/mfa-recipes/about-our-meal-plans.html〕 but recommendations can vary as widely as from 16 to 75% . The most agreed upon recommendation is for the diet to be low in sugar and refined carbohydrates, while relatively high in dietary fiber, especially soluble fiber. Likewise, people with diabetes may be encouraged to reduce their intake of carbohydrates that have a high glycemic index (GI), although this is also controversial.〔John McDougall (Glycemic Index – Not Ready for Prime Time ), The McDougall Newsletter, July 2006.〕 (In cases of hypoglycemia, they are advised to have food or drink that can raise blood glucose quickly, such as lucozade, followed by a long-acting carbohydrate (such as rye bread) to prevent risk of further hypoglycemia.) However, others question the usefulness of the glycemic index and recommend high-GI foods like potatoes and rice. It has been claimed that oleic acid has a slight advantage over linoleic acid in reducing plasma glucose.
==History==
There has been long history of dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus – dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus was used in Egypt since 3,500 B.C., and was used in India by Sushruta and Charaka more than 2000 years ago. In the eighteenth century, John Rollo argued that calorie restriction in the diabetic diet could reduce glycosuria in diabetes. However, more modern history of the diabetic diet may begin with Frederick Madison Allen, who, in the days before insulin was discovered, recommended that people with diabetes ate only a low-calorie diet to prevent ketoacidosis from killing them. This was an approach which did not actually cure diabetes but merely extended life by a limited period. The first use of insulin by Frederick Banting in 1922 changed things, and at last allowed patients more flexibility in their eating.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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